Abstract

We report the usage of few-layered black phosphorus (BP) as saturable absorbers (SAs) to achieve dual-wavelength vector solitons mode locking in an erbium-doped fiber laser for the first time, to our knowledge. The SA is fabricated based on liquid exfoliation method by incorporating BP nanosheets with polyvinyl alcohol. We have demonstrated that the saturable absorption of BP is polarization independent. The laser is capable of generating dual-wavelength polarization-locked vector solitons centered at ~1533 and ~1558 nm with the bandwidths of ~3.7 and ~6.9 nm simultaneously. The results indicate the potential applications of few-layered BP as broadband SAs in vector soliton pulses generation.

© 2017 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Indium selenide as a saturable absorber for a wavelength-switchable vector-soliton fiber laser

Guomei Wang, Guangwei Chen, Wenlei Li, Wenfu Zhang, Chao Zeng, and Wei Zhao
Opt. Mater. Express 9(2) 449-456 (2019)

Dark solitons in WS2 erbium-doped fiber lasers

Wenjun Liu, Lihui Pang, Hainian Han, Zhongwei Shen, Ming Lei, Hao Teng, and Zhiyi Wei
Photon. Res. 4(3) 111-114 (2016)

Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber

Yufeng Song, Si Chen, Qian Zhang, Lei Li, Luming Zhao, Han Zhang, and Dingyuan Tang
Opt. Express 24(23) 25933-25942 (2016)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
    [PubMed]
  2. F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).
  3. F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
    [PubMed]
  4. F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
    [PubMed]
  5. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and R. J. Knize, “Vector dark domain wall solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4428–4433 (2010).
    [PubMed]
  6. N. N. Akhmediev, J. M. Soto-Crespo, S. T. Cundiff, B. C. Collings, and W. H. Knox, “Phase locking and periodic evolution of solitons in passively mode-locked fiber lasers with a semiconductor saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 23(11), 852–854 (1998).
    [PubMed]
  7. L. L. Gui, X. S. Xiao, and C. X. Yang, “Observation of various bound solitons in a carbon-nanotube-based erbium fiber laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30(1), 158–164 (2013).
  8. Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
    [PubMed]
  9. Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).
  10. H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).
  11. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
    [PubMed]
  12. D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  13. K. Wu, X. Zhang, J. Wang, and J. Chen, “463-MHz fundamental mode-locked fiber laser based on few-layer MoS2 saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 40(7), 1374–1377 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  14. Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
    [PubMed]
  15. Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, H. Liu, X. W. Zheng, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, and W. C. Xu, “2 GHz passively harmonic mode-locked fiber laser by a microfiber-based topological insulator saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 38(24), 5212–5215 (2013).
    [PubMed]
  16. Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
  17. C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).
  18. D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  19. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
    [PubMed]
  20. C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).
  21. H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).
  22. D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).
  23. J. Sotor, G. Sobon, and K. M. Abramski, “Sub-130 fs mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on topological insulator,” Opt. Express 22(11), 13244–13249 (2014).
    [PubMed]
  24. D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
    [PubMed]
  25. D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).
  26. Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).
  27. Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).
  28. J. Sotor, G. Sobon, M. Kowalczyk, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser mode locked with black phosphorus,” Opt. Lett. 40(16), 3885–3888 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  29. D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).
  30. D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
    [PubMed]
  31. Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, Z. N. Guo, X. F. Jiang, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, X. F. Yu, W. C. Xu, and H. Zhang, “Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser,” Opt. Express 23(15), 20030–20039 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  32. H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).
  33. S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  34. Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
    [PubMed]
  35. J. Sotor, G. Sobon, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Black phosphorus a new saturable absorber material for ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).
  36. Y. Song, S. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. Li, L. Zhao, H. Zhang, and D. Tang, “Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 24(23), 25933–25942 (2016).
    [PubMed]
  37. L. Yun, “Generation of vector dissipative and conventional solitons in large normal dispersion regime,” Opt. Express 25(16), 18751–18759 (2017).
    [PubMed]
  38. D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu, “Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 153904 (2008).
    [PubMed]
  39. L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Wu, and N. Xiang, “Soliton trapping in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9528–9533 (2008).
    [PubMed]
  40. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, and L. M. Zhao, “Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12692–12697 (2009).
    [PubMed]

2018 (1)

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

2017 (5)

L. Yun, “Generation of vector dissipative and conventional solitons in large normal dispersion regime,” Opt. Express 25(16), 18751–18759 (2017).
[PubMed]

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

2016 (4)

Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Y. Song, S. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. Li, L. Zhao, H. Zhang, and D. Tang, “Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 24(23), 25933–25942 (2016).
[PubMed]

2015 (11)

Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, Z. N. Guo, X. F. Jiang, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, X. F. Yu, W. C. Xu, and H. Zhang, “Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser,” Opt. Express 23(15), 20030–20039 (2015).
[PubMed]

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Black phosphorus a new saturable absorber material for ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, M. Kowalczyk, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser mode locked with black phosphorus,” Opt. Lett. 40(16), 3885–3888 (2015).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

K. Wu, X. Zhang, J. Wang, and J. Chen, “463-MHz fundamental mode-locked fiber laser based on few-layer MoS2 saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 40(7), 1374–1377 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

2014 (1)

2013 (2)

2012 (1)

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

2010 (3)

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and R. J. Knize, “Vector dark domain wall solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4428–4433 (2010).
[PubMed]

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

2009 (4)

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, and L. M. Zhao, “Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12692–12697 (2009).
[PubMed]

2008 (5)

D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu, “Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 153904 (2008).
[PubMed]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Wu, and N. Xiang, “Soliton trapping in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9528–9533 (2008).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
[PubMed]

F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

2004 (1)

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

2003 (1)

U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
[PubMed]

1998 (1)

Abramski, K. M.

Akhmediev, N. N.

Bao, H.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Bao, Q.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

Bao, Q. L.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

Basko, D. M.

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

Bonaccorso, F.

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

Buckley, J. R.

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

Chen, J.

Chen, J. Z.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Chen, S.

Chen, Y.

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

Chen, Y. X.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Cheng, H.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

Chong, A.

F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).

Clark, W. G.

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

Collings, B. C.

Cui, X.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

Cundiff, S. T.

Dai, H. Q.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Debnath, P. C.

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Deng, Y. H.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Du, B.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

Fan, D.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

Fan, D. Y.

Ferrari, A. C.

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Gan, X.

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Ge, Y. Q.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Gui, L. L.

Guo, H. Y.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Guo, Z.

Guo, Z. N.

Han, L.

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Hasan, T.

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

He, J.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Hennrich, F.

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Hua, S.

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Huang, G. H.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Ilday, F. O.

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

Ji, J. H.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Jiang, B.

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Jiang, G.

Jiang, X. F.

Jiang, X. T.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Keller, U.

U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
[PubMed]

Kim, I.

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Knize, R. J.

Knox, W. H.

Kowalczyk, M.

Lau, S.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Lee, D.

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Li, L.

Li, M.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

Li, P.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Li, Z. J.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Liang, Z. M.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Lin, S.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Lin, S. H.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Liu, H.

Liu, M.

Loh, K.

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

Loh, K. P.

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

Lu, H.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

Lu, L.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Lu, S. B.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

Lu, Z. G.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Luo, A. P.

Luo, Z. C.

Ma, C.

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Macherzynski, W.

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Black phosphorus a new saturable absorber material for ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, M. Kowalczyk, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser mode locked with black phosphorus,” Opt. Lett. 40(16), 3885–3888 (2015).
[PubMed]

Mao, D.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Mei, T.

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Miao, L. L.

Milne, W. I.

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Mu, H.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Mu, H. R.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Ni, Z. H.

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

Paletko, P.

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Black phosphorus a new saturable absorber material for ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, M. Kowalczyk, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser mode locked with black phosphorus,” Opt. Lett. 40(16), 3885–3888 (2015).
[PubMed]

Pan, C.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Park, K.

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Popa, D.

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

Privitera, G.

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

Qi, X.

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

Qiu, Y.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Renninger, W. H.

F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).

Rozhin, A. G.

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Scardaci, V.

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

She, X.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

Shen, D. Y.

Shen, Z. X.

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

Sobon, G.

Song, K.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

Song, Y.

Song, Y. F.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
[PubMed]

Song, Y. W.

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Soto-Crespo, J. M.

Sotor, J.

Sun, Z.

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Sun, Z. P.

H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).

Tang, D.

Tang, D. Y.

Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
[PubMed]

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and R. J. Knize, “Vector dark domain wall solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4428–4433 (2010).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, and L. M. Zhao, “Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12692–12697 (2009).
[PubMed]

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu, “Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 153904 (2008).
[PubMed]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Wu, and N. Xiang, “Soliton trapping in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9528–9533 (2008).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
[PubMed]

Torrisi, F.

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

Wang, F.

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Wang, J.

H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).

K. Wu, X. Zhang, J. Wang, and J. Chen, “463-MHz fundamental mode-locked fiber laser based on few-layer MoS2 saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 40(7), 1374–1377 (2015).
[PubMed]

Wang, K.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Wang, W. X.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Wang, Y.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

Wang, Y. W.

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Wang, Z.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Wang, Z. T.

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

Wei, W.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Wen, S.

Wen, S. C.

White, I. H.

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Wise, F. W.

F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

Wu, K.

Wu, X.

Xiang, N.

Xiao, S.

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

Xiao, X. S.

Xu, W. C.

Xu, Y. H.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Yan, Y. L.

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

Yang, C. H.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Yang, C. X.

Yang, D.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

Yu, K. H.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Yu, X.

Yu, X. F.

Yun, L.

L. Yun, “Generation of vector dissipative and conventional solitons in large normal dispersion regime,” Opt. Express 25(16), 18751–18759 (2017).
[PubMed]

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Zeng, H.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Zhang, H.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
[PubMed]

Y. Song, S. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. Li, L. Zhao, H. Zhang, and D. Tang, “Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 24(23), 25933–25942 (2016).
[PubMed]

Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, Z. N. Guo, X. F. Jiang, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, X. F. Yu, W. C. Xu, and H. Zhang, “Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser,” Opt. Express 23(15), 20030–20039 (2015).
[PubMed]

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, H. Liu, X. W. Zheng, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, and W. C. Xu, “2 GHz passively harmonic mode-locked fiber laser by a microfiber-based topological insulator saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 38(24), 5212–5215 (2013).
[PubMed]

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and R. J. Knize, “Vector dark domain wall solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4428–4433 (2010).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, and L. M. Zhao, “Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12692–12697 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
[PubMed]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Wu, and N. Xiang, “Soliton trapping in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9528–9533 (2008).
[PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu, “Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 153904 (2008).
[PubMed]

Zhang, Q.

Zhang, S.

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Zhang, W.

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Zhang, W. D.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

Zhang, X.

Zhang, X. J.

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Zhang, Z. X.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Zhao, C.

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

Zhao, C. J.

Zhao, J.

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Zhao, J. L.

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

Zhao, L.

Y. Song, S. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. Li, L. Zhao, H. Zhang, and D. Tang, “Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 24(23), 25933–25942 (2016).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

Zhao, L. M.

Zheng, J. L.

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

Zheng, X. W.

Zhu, D. T.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Zhu, Z. J.

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

2D Mater. (1)

Y. F. Song, Z. M. Liang, X. T. Jiang, Y. X. Chen, Z. J. Li, L. Lu, Y. Q. Ge, K. Wang, J. L. Zheng, S. B. Lu, J. H. Ji, and H. Zhang, “Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability,” 2D Mater. 4, 045010 (2017).

ACS Nano (1)

Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano 4(2), 803–810 (2010).
[PubMed]

Adv. Funct. Mater. (2)

Y. H. Xu, W. X. Wang, Y. Q. Ge, H. Y. Guo, X. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. H. Deng, Z. G. Lu, and H. Zhang, “Stabilization of black phosphorous quantum dots in PMMA nanofiber film and broadband nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics application,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(32), 1702437 (2017).

Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Y. L. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).

Adv. Opt. Mater. (1)

H. Mu, S. Lin, Z. Wang, S. Xiao, P. Li, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Bao, S. Lau, C. Pan, D. Fan, and Q. Bao, “Black Phosphorus–polymer composites for pulsed lasers,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 3(10), 1447–1453 (2015).

Appl. Phys. Lett. (5)

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, W. Macherzynski, P. Paletko, and K. M. Abramski, “Black phosphorus a new saturable absorber material for ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

C. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. T. Wang, S. C. Wen, and D. Y. Tang, “Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 118 (2012).

Y. W. Wang, G. H. Huang, H. R. Mu, S. H. Lin, J. Z. Chen, S. Xiao, Q. L. Bao, and J. He, “Ultrafast recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus suspension,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(5), 2622–2627 (2015).

H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, “Large energy soliton erbium-doped fiber laser with a graphene-polymer composite mode locker,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(14), 141103 (2009).

D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203106 (2010).

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

D. Mao, X. Cui, X. Gan, M. Li, W. Zhang, H. Lu, and J. Zhao, “Passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber laser based on a ReS2 saturable absorber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24(3), 99 (2017).

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Laser Photonics Rev. (1)

F. W. Wise, A. Chong, and W. H. Renninger, “High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 58–73 (2008).

Nanotechnology (1)

D. Lee, K. Park, P. C. Debnath, I. Kim, and Y. W. Song, “Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers,” Nanotechnology 27(36), 365203 (2016).
[PubMed]

Nat. Nanotechnol. (1)

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[PubMed]

Nature (1)

U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
[PubMed]

Opt. Commun. (1)

D. Mao, M. Li, X. Cui, W. D. Zhang, H. Lu, K. Song, and J. L. Zhao, “Stable high-power saturable absorber based on polymer-black-phosphorus films,” Opt. Commun. 406, 254–259 (2018).

Opt. Express (13)

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Wu, and N. Xiang, “Soliton trapping in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9528–9533 (2008).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, and L. M. Zhao, “Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12692–12697 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17630–17635 (2009).
[PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and R. J. Knize, “Vector dark domain wall solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4428–4433 (2010).
[PubMed]

S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, and D. Y. Fan, “Broadband nonlinear optical response in multi-layer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11183–11194 (2015).
[PubMed]

Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, and D. Fan, “Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation,” Opt. Express 23(10), 12823–12833 (2015).
[PubMed]

Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, Z. N. Guo, X. F. Jiang, A. P. Luo, C. J. Zhao, X. F. Yu, W. C. Xu, and H. Zhang, “Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser,” Opt. Express 23(15), 20030–20039 (2015).
[PubMed]

D. Mao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gan, W. Zhang, T. Mei, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “WS2 saturable absorber for dissipative soliton mode locking at 1.06 and 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 23(21), 27509–27519 (2015).
[PubMed]

Y. F. Song, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Shen, and D. Y. Tang, “Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene,” Opt. Express 24(2), 1814–1822 (2016).
[PubMed]

Y. Song, S. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. Li, L. Zhao, H. Zhang, and D. Tang, “Vector soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by few layer black phosphorus-based optical saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 24(23), 25933–25942 (2016).
[PubMed]

L. Yun, “Generation of vector dissipative and conventional solitons in large normal dispersion regime,” Opt. Express 25(16), 18751–18759 (2017).
[PubMed]

J. Sotor, G. Sobon, and K. M. Abramski, “Sub-130 fs mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on topological insulator,” Opt. Express 22(11), 13244–13249 (2014).
[PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (4)

Photonics Res. (1)

H. Zhang, Z. P. Sun, and J. Wang, “Introduction to the photonics based on two-dimensional materials feature issue,” Photonics Res. 3(2), PBTD1 (2015).

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

F. O. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004).
[PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu, “Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 153904 (2008).
[PubMed]

RSC Adv. (1)

C. H. Yang, L. Yun, Y. Qiu, H. Q. Dai, D. T. Zhu, Z. J. Zhu, Z. X. Zhang, K. H. Yu, and W. Wei, “Direct growth of a graphitic nano-layer on optical fibers for ultra-fast laser application,” RSC Adv. 7, 52261 (2017).

Sci. Rep. (1)

D. Mao, Y. Wang, C. Ma, L. Han, B. Jiang, X. Gan, S. Hua, W. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “WS2 mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser,” Sci. Rep. 5, 7965 (2015).
[PubMed]

Small (1)

D. Mao, B. Du, D. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, X. She, H. Cheng, H. Zeng, and J. Zhao, “Nonlinear saturable absorption of liquid-exfoliated molybdenum/tungsten ditelluride nanosheets,” Small 12(11), 1489–1497 (2016).
[PubMed]

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (3)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Linear absorption spectrum of BP film. (b) Nonlinear transmission of BP film. (c) Experimental setup of fiber laser.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Optical spectra, (b) RF spectrum, (c) and (d) Polarization-resolved oscilloscope traces of dual-wavelength conventional solitons. Insert of Fig. 2(a): zoom in of spectral sidebands at ~1548 nm. Inserts of Fig. 2(c) and 2(d): zoom in of pulse trains. The red and blue curves are horizontal and vertical components, respectively.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Optical spectra, (b) Autocorrelation traces, (c) RF spectrum with a span of 100 Hz, and (d) Wideband RF spectrum up to 1 GHz of single-wavelength conventional soliton. The insets of Fig. 3(c) are oscilloscope traces of two components.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Metrics