Development and application of a low-cost smartphone-based turbidimeter using scattered light

Abdullah Bayram; Eyyup Yalcin; Serafettin Demic; Orhan Gunduz; Mehmet Ertugrul Solmaz

doi:10.1364/AO.57.005935

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 21,
pp. 5935-5940
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.005935

Development and application of a low-cost smartphone-based turbidimeter using scattered light

Abdullah Bayram, Eyyup Yalcin, Serafettin Demic, Orhan Gunduz, and Mehmet Ertugrul Solmaz

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Abdullah Bayram, Eyyup Yalcin, Serafettin Demic, Orhan Gunduz, and Mehmet Ertugrul Solmaz, "Development and application of a low-cost smartphone-based turbidimeter using scattered light," Appl. Opt. 57, 5935-5940 (2018)

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Abstract

We demonstrate the development and application of a low-cost smartphone turbidimeter system to be used on water samples collected from natural resources. The proposed system depends on the spectroscopic measurements of both forward- and side-scattered light. A custom-designed cradle was fabricated using 3D printing, and plastic optical fibers were used to couple light from the smartphone’s built-in flash and transmit the collected scattered light to the camera sensor. The performance parameters of the smartphone turbidimeter were investigated and compared to commercial systems, and the lowest limit of detection was found to be 5.58 NTU for forward-scattered detection. The results obtained in the proposed scattered-light-based spectroscopic turbidimeter and the practicality achieved by this extremely low-cost device will have a great impact on water science and technology.

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Sample Name	NTU	Sample Name (Cont.)	NTU
Standard 1	$0.43 \pm 0.07$	Standard 7	$175.20 \pm 1.10$
Standard 2	$3.53 \pm 0.06$	Standard 8	$394.80 \pm 1.79$
Standard 3	$12.88 \pm 0.18$	Standard 9	$504.20 \pm 1.48$
Standard 4	$27.72 \pm 0.54$	Standard 10	$660.60 \pm 2.07$
Standard 5	$56.66 \pm 0.32$	Standard 11	$872.80 \pm 4.82$
Standard 6	$100.80 \pm 0.45$	Standard 12	$982.80 \pm 4.32$

Sample	Sample Location	Hach	Smartphone SSL	PSD (nm)
Sample 1.1	Gediz River (new channel)	$11.92 \pm 0.13$	$10.23 \pm 4.98$	$615.1 \pm 136.3$
Sample 1.2	Gediz River (new channel)	$64.94 \pm 0.32$	$50.26 \pm 6.21$	$141.8 \pm 16.6$
Sample 2.1	Gediz River (old channel)	$12.46 \pm 0.30$	$2.33 \pm 4.41$	$220.2 \pm 29.5$
Sample 2.2	Gediz River (old channel)	$18.18 \pm 2.43$	$7.94 \pm 4.63$	$28.21 \pm 4.6$
Sample 3	Aegean Sea at Bostanli Shoreline	$0.92 \pm 0.05$	$0.05 \pm 4.41$	$0.62 \pm 0.06$
Sample 4	Groundwater well at IKCU	$3.04 \pm 0.15$	$4.25 \pm 4.56$	$531.2 \pm 121.8$

Sample Name	NTU	Sample Name (Cont.)	NTU
Standard 1	$0.43 \pm 0.07$	Standard 7	$175.20 \pm 1.10$
Standard 2	$3.53 \pm 0.06$	Standard 8	$394.80 \pm 1.79$
Standard 3	$12.88 \pm 0.18$	Standard 9	$504.20 \pm 1.48$
Standard 4	$27.72 \pm 0.54$	Standard 10	$660.60 \pm 2.07$
Standard 5	$56.66 \pm 0.32$	Standard 11	$872.80 \pm 4.82$
Standard 6	$100.80 \pm 0.45$	Standard 12	$982.80 \pm 4.32$

Sample	Sample Location	Hach	Smartphone SSL	PSD (nm)
Sample 1.1	Gediz River (new channel)	$11.92 \pm 0.13$	$10.23 \pm 4.98$	$615.1 \pm 136.3$
Sample 1.2	Gediz River (new channel)	$64.94 \pm 0.32$	$50.26 \pm 6.21$	$141.8 \pm 16.6$
Sample 2.1	Gediz River (old channel)	$12.46 \pm 0.30$	$2.33 \pm 4.41$	$220.2 \pm 29.5$
Sample 2.2	Gediz River (old channel)	$18.18 \pm 2.43$	$7.94 \pm 4.63$	$28.21 \pm 4.6$
Sample 3	Aegean Sea at Bostanli Shoreline	$0.92 \pm 0.05$	$0.05 \pm 4.41$	$0.62 \pm 0.06$
Sample 4	Groundwater well at IKCU	$3.04 \pm 0.15$	$4.25 \pm 4.56$	$531.2 \pm 121.8$

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Applied Optics