Abstract
BaY2F8 crystals codoped with thulium and ytterbium have been used as an efficient upconversion material emitting at 480 nm (Tm1G4→3H6) with 960-nm diode excitation,1 and it also has been used as an IR-pumped upconversion laser at 649 nm (TM1G4→3F4).2 In both cases, the ytterbium ion sensitizes thulium emission by absorbing the IR excitation and transferring energy to thulium in multiple steps. The exact mechanism of upconversion and energy transfer from ytterbium to thulium, whether it is a two-photon three-body or a three-photon two-body process, has been a subject of considerable debate.3
© 1991 Optical Society of America
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