Abstract
Long distance transmission using a chain of optical amplifiers is potentially much faster and cheaper than with conventional electronic regenerators. The recent advent of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, with their low pump-power requirements, polarization independence, and compatibility with standard transmission fibers, has greatly helped to make this all-optical approach truly practical. As the transmission distance increases, however, most transmission modes begin to fail from the combined effects of fiber nonlinearity and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).
© 1992 Optical Society of America
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