Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), by combining a variety of active guided-wave devices onto a single chip, may be instrumental to the practical implementation of highly complex architectures expected in future optical transmission, networking, and switching systems.1 This is particularly true in multichannel coherent or heterodyne (electrically demultiplexed) and incoherent (optically demultiplexed) wavelength-division-multipiexed (WDM) systems, where each station requires a number of intimately interconnected optical devices such as lasers, modulators, filters, amplifiers, and detectors. By replacing individually aligned, single-mode optical interconnections with lithographically produced integrated epitaxial waveguides, PICs are expected to yield substantial packaging cost reductions and robustness.
© 1991 Optical Society of America
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