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Shot-noise-limited detection in FM spectroscopy by optical nulling of residual amplitude modulation

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Abstract

Frequency-modulation (FM) techniques1 have been widely recognized as a valuable tool in highresolution high-sensitivity laser spectroscopy.2 In a typical FM spectroscopic absorption experiment, a single-frequency ωc laser is phase-modulated at radio frequency ωrf by an electrooptic modulator (EOM) generating two sidebands at ωc ± ωrf. The sidebands are absorbed differentially by a sample with narrow absorption features converting the laser phase modulation into amplitude modulation which is detected with standard heterodyne techniques.

© 1985 Optical Society of America

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